الفرق بين النسختين بتاع: «باراك اوباما»

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{{Infobox officeholder
|name = باراك اوباما
|image = President Barack Obama.jpg{{!}}border
|alt = باراك اوباما ف [[المكتب البيضاوى]] ف [[البيت الابيض]] ادام caption = [[مكتب الحزم]], يوم 6 ديسمبر 2012
|office = رئيس امريكا
|order = [[لستة رؤسا امريكا|الاربعه و أربعين]]
|vicepresident = [[چو بايدن]]
|term_start = {{Start date|2009|1|20}}
|predecessor = [[جورج ووكر بوش]]
|jr/sr2 = United States Senate
|state2 = [[ايلينوى]]
|term_start2 = {{Start date|2005|1|3}}
|term_end2 = {{Start date|2008|11|16}}
|predecessor2 = [[Peter Fitzgerald (politician)|Peter Fitzgerald]]
|successor2 = [[Roland Burris]]
|office3 = [[Illinois Senate#Members of the Illinois Senate|Member of the]] [[Illinois Senate]]<br />from the 13th District
|term_start3 = January 8, 1997
|term_end3 = November 4, 2004
|predecessor3 = [[Alice Palmer (politician)|Alice Palmer]]
|successor3 = [[Kwame Raoul]]
|birth_name = باراك حُسين اوباما التانى
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1961|8|4}}
|birth_place = [[هونولولو]], [[هاواى]], امريكا.
|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|parents = [[Barack Obama, Sr.|Barack Hussein Obama, Sr.]]<br />[[Ann Dunham|Stanley Ann Dunham]]
|relations = [[Stanley Armour Dunham]] (grandfather)<br />[[Madelyn Dunham|Madelyn Lee Payne]] (grandmother)<br />[[Maya Soetoro-Ng|Maya Kassandra Soetoro-Ng]] (half-sister)
|spouse = [[Michelle Obama|Michelle LaVaughn Robinson]] (m. 1992–present)
|children = [[ماليا اوباما|ماليا]](<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1998)<br /> [[ناتاشا اوباما|ساشا]] (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2001)
|residence = [[البيت الابيض]] (official)<br />[[Chicago, Illinois]] (private)
|alma_mater = [[Occidental College]]<br />[[Columbia University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]])<br />[[Harvard Law School]] ([[Juris Doctor|J.D.]])
|profession = [[Lawyer]]<br />[[Professor]] of [[constitutional law]]<br />[[Community organizing|Community organizer]]<br />[[Author]]
|religion = [[مسيحيه]]
|blank1 = Awards
|data1 = [[Nobel Peace Prize]]
|signature = Barack Obama signature.svg
|signature_alt = Barack Obama
|website = [http://www.barackobama.com/ barackobama.com]
}}
 
 
 
'''باراك حُسين اوباما التانى''' ( مواليد [[4 اغسطس]] [[1961]]) هو رئيس [[امريكا|الولايات المتحدة الامريكية]] الاربعة و الاربعين ,و كان سيناتور امريكي عن [[ايلينوى|ولاية إلينوي]] و اترشح عن الحزب الديموقراطى و كسب الإنتخابات يوم 4 نوفمبر سنة 2008 على المنافس الجمهوري [[جون ماكين]]. اوباما هو اول امريكانى-افريقى يدخل البيت الابيض كرئيس [[امريكا|للولايات المتحدة الامريكية]]. و النايب بتاعه هو [[چو بايدن]].
باراك اوباما من مواليد [[هونولولو]]، [[هاواى]] وأصلاً كان محامى متخرج من [[جامعة كولومبيا]] و [[كلية هارفارد للقانون]]. و اشتغل مستشار للحقوق المدنية فى [[شيكاجو]] ، و [[محامى]] و درٌِس [[القانون الدستورى]] فى كلية الحقوق [[جامعة شيكاجو]] فى الفتره من سنة [[1992]] لسنة [[2004]]. أوباما خدم تلات فترات فى [[مجلس شيوخ ايلينوى]] فى الفتره من سنة [[1997]] لسنة [[2004]]. أخد [[جايزة نوبل]] للسلام سنة 2009 كحافز للعمل على تحقيق السلام فى العالم.
 
== حياته ==
اوباما اتولد فى [[هونولولو]] في [[هاواى|ولاية هاواى]] يوم [[4 اغسطس]] ,سنة [[1961]] ,<ref name=Nakaso>Dan Nakaso, [http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Dec/22/ln/hawaii812220320.html Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years], ''[[Honolulu Advertiser]]'', Dec. 22, 2008. ''Documents hospital's name change.''</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=[[FactCheck]]|url=http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/born_in_the_usa.html|title=Born in the U.S.A.|date=August 21, 2008|accessdate=October 24, 2008}}</ref><ref name="maraniss">{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/23/AR2008082301620.html|title=Though Obama Had to Leave to Find Himself, It Is Hawaii That Made His Rise Possible|last=Maraniss|first=David|work=The Washington Post|date=August 24, 2008|accessdate=October 27, 2008}}</ref> من اب [[كينيا|كينى]] من [[نيانزا]] ف [[كينيا]] من عيلة مسلمة ( [[باراك اوباما الاب]]) و ام امريكانية إسمها [[ستانلى آن دانهام]] كانت من اصول [[انجليز]]يه [[ايرلانديين|ايرلانديه]] و [[لمانيا|ألمانيه]] ، و كانت من ويتشيتا ،فى ولاية [[كانساس]]،<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[FactCheck]] |url=http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/born_in_the_usa.html |title=Born in the U.S.A. |date=August 21, 2008 |accessmonthday=October 24 |accessyear=2008}}</ref>
 
باراك أوباما هو أول رئيس لأمريكا من مواليد هاواى.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rudin |first=Ken |url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/politicaljunkie/2009/12/todays_junkie_segment_on_totn_5.html |title=NPR's ''Political Junkie'', December 23, 2009, accessed December 30, 2009 |publisher=Npr.org |date=December 23, 2009 |accessdate=April 18, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Heard on Tell Me More |url=http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=96126355 |title=Asian Writer Ponders First Asian President Too |publisher=Npr.org |date=October 29, 2008 |accessdate=April 18, 2010}}</ref>
 
اتقابل ابوه و امه سنة 1960 و هما طلبة بيدرسو ف [[جامعة هاواى]] و لما كان عمره سنتين، انفصل ابوه عن امه و بعديها اتطلقوا و رجع الاب لكينيا و ماشفش ابنه تانى غير مره و احده و بعديها مات في خادثة عربية سنة 1982.اتجوزت امه بعد كده مهندس بترول من [[اندونيسيا]] اسمه لولو سويتورو و راحت الاسرة اندونسيا و عاشو ف [[جاكارتا]] لحد ما وصل عمره عشر سنين و بعديها رجع هاواى و عاش مع جده و جدته من ناحية امه ميدلين و آرمور ستانلى دونهام ، حضر المدرسة من الصف الخامس سنة 1971 و اتخرج من المدرسة الثانوى سنة 1979.<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Serafin |title=Punahou Grad Stirs Up Illinois Politics |date=2004-03-21 |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2004/03/21/news/story4.html |work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |accessdate=2008-04-13}} See also: Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 3 and 4.</ref> سنة 1972 رجعت والدة اوباما لهاواى لمدة خمس سنين . و سنة 1977 رجعت [[اندونيسيا]], و فضلت هناك لحد اما رجعت تانى هاواى سنة 1994, و اتوفت من سرطان المبيض سنة 1995.<ref>{{cite news |first=Amanda |last=Ripley |title=The Story of Barack Obama's Mother |date=2008-04-09 |url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1729524,00.html |work=Time |accessdate=2008-06-24}} See also: {{cite news |first=Julia |last=Suryakusuma |title=Obama for President... of Indonesia |date=2006-11-29 |work=Jakarta Post |url=http://old.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20061129.F03 |accessdate=2008-06-24}}</ref>
 
أوباما قال عن مرحلة طفولته "شكل والدى كان مش شبه اى حد من الناس اللى حوالايا -- لأنه كان اسوِد ، و والدتى اللى ببضا زى اللبن الحليب -- بالكاد متسجله في عألى." <ref>Obama (1995), Chapters 4 and 5. See also: {{cite news | first=Richard A | last=Serrano | title=Obama's Peers Didn't See His Angst | format=paid archive | date=March 11, 2007 | url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1230439131.html?dids=1230439131:1230439131&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+11%2C+2007&author=Richard+A.+Serrano&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.20&desc=THE+NATION | work=Los Angeles Times | accessdate=2008-01-04}}</ref>
 
بعد المدرسة الثانوية ، راح أوباما يدرس فى [[كلية اوكسيدنتال]] فى [[لوس انجليس]] سنة 1979 <ref name="Occidental"/> و فى فبراير 1980 قال أول خطبه، طلب فيها من اوكسيدنتال سحب الاستثمارات من [[جنوب افريقيا]].<ref name="Occidental"/> و سنة 1981 ، سافر اندونيسيا علشان زيارة والدته و أخته مايا ، و زار عيلات أصحابه فى [[الهند]] و [[باكستان]] لمدة تلات أسابيع.<ref name="Occidental"/>. باراك اوباما اتخرج من [[كلية هارفارد للقانون]]- [[جامعة كولومبيا]] سنة 1991 ب[[دكتوراه فى الأانون]](magna cum laude [[لاتينى|باللاتينى]]) .<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/may/09/barackobama.uselections20081|title=Barack Obama|last=Adams|first=Richard|date=2007-05-09|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/973560/Barack-Obama|title=Barack Obama (American politician)|last=Mendell|first=David|accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> و سافر [[بالى]] علشان يكتب لعدة شهور الكتاب اللى إتنشر سنة 1995 بإسم [[أحلام من والدى]]. مراته [[ميشيل اوباما]] و عندهم بنتين [[ماليا اوباما|ماليا]] و [[ساشا اوباما|ساشا]]
 
== حياته السياسيه ==
اوباما كسب انتخابات مجلس الشيوخ فى [[ايلينوى]] سنة 1996. واستمر سيناتور تلات فصول فى [[مجلس شيوخ إيلينوى]] فى الفترة من سنة 1997 لسنة 2004. أوباما قال [[خطاب رئيسى|الخطاب الرئيسى]] في المؤتمر الوطني للحزب الديمقراطى فى يوليو 2004, و كسب انتخابات [[مجلس الشيوخ]] فى نوفمبر 2004.
 
== حملة الانتخابات الرئاسية 2008 ==
''شوف [[انتخابات رئاسة امريكا سنة 2008]]''
 
باراك اوباما أعلن ترشيح نفسه رئيس للولايات المتحدة يوم [[10 فبراير]] [[2007]]، قدام مبنى كونجرس إلينوى فى سبرينجفيلد،<ref name=ChicagoTribune_Pearson_20070210>{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-070210obama-pearson1-story,0,3768114.story |title=Obama: I'm running for president |work=Chicago Tribune |author=Pearson, Rick |coauthors=Long, Ray |date=February 10, 2007|accessdate=2008-09-20}}</ref><ref name=BBC20070210>{{cite news |title=Obama Launches Presidential Bid |date=2007-02-10 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6349081.stm |work=BBC News |accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref> إختيار مبنى كونجرس إلينوى كان إعلان رمزى لأنه كان مكان خطبة [[ابراهام لينكولن]] التاريخيه "البيت المنقسم" فى سنة [[1858]].
 
تم ترشيح المرشح الجمهورى [[جون ماكين]] و دخل الاتنين ف تلات مناظرات رئاسية ف سبتمبر وأكتوبر 2008<ref name="presidential debates">
{{cite quick |web|accessdate=July 6, 2008|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/news_111907.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080706070658/http://www.debates.org/pages/news_111907.html|archivedate=July 6, 2008|title=Commission on Presidential Debates Announces Sites, Dates, Formats and Candidate Selection Criteria for 2008 General Election|publisher=[[Commission on Presidential Debates]]|date=November 19, 2007}}
* {{cite quick |news|accessdate=July 6, 2008|url=http://www.courant.com/topic/|title=Gun Ruling Reverberates|work=[[Hartford Courant]]|date=June 27, 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080705225819/http://www.courant.com/topic/| archivedate= July 5, 2008| deadurl= no}}
</ref>. و يوم 4 نوفمبر، كسب أوباما الرياسه لما كسب 365 صوت انتخابى و ماكين كسب 173 بس.<ref name="electoral votes">
{{cite quick |news|publisher=msnbc.com|accessdate=February 20, 2009|date=November 4, 2008|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27531033/|title=Barack Obama elected 44th president|author=Johnson, Alex| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090220052714/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27531033/| archivedate= February 20, 2009| deadurl= no}}
* {{cite quick |news|url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/president/|title=CNN Electoral Map Calculator—Election Center 2008|publisher=CNN |year=2008|accessdate=December 14, 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081212014309/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/president/| archivedate= December 12, 2008| deadurl= no}}
</ref> أوباما كسب 52.9٪ من الأصوات الشعبية و ماكين كسب 45.7٪
 
== حملة الانتخابات الرئاسية 2012 ==
''شوف [[انتخابات رياسة امريكا سنة 2012]]''
 
باراك اوباما أعلن ترشيح نفسه رئيس للولايات المتحدة لمده تانيه و أخرانيه ف انتخابات رياسة امريكا سنة 2012 و مرشح [[الحزب الجمهورى فى امريكا|الحزب الجمهورى]] كان [[ميت رومنى]] و دخل الاتنين ف تلات مناظرات رئاسية ف أكتوبر و يوم 6 نوفمبر كسب باراك اوباما الإنتخابات.اوباما مسيحي الديانه
 
== حياته الخاصه ==
اعترف اوباما مرة انه جرب الكوكايين و الماريجوانا (البانجو) و هو مراهق. و قال عن استعماله المخدرات إنه كان "أكبر فشل أخلاقي " ليه.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ed |last=Hornick |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/08/16/warren.forum/ |title=Obama, McCain talk issues at pastor's forum |publisher=CNN.com |location=LAKE FOREST, California |date=August 17, 2008 |accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref>
 
ام باراك ماتت سنة 1995 من سرطان المبيض.اوباما متجوز [[امريكان-افارقه|امريكانية-افريقية]] اسمها ميشيل روبينسون (دلوقتي [[ميشيل اوباما]]) و عندهم بنتين: ماليا آن و ناتاشا (ساشا).
 
== كتب ==
باراك اوباما الف كتب كتير و لكن اشهرها ([[احلام من ابويا]]) و اللي حكى فيه عن طفولته و مراهقته و المشاكل العرقية اللي واجهها و الكتاب التاني المشهور هو ([[جرأة الامل]]) و اللي اتكلم فيه عن مشروعه السياسى و افكاره و اراءه الحزبية.
 
== صورته الثقافيه و السياسيه ==
ثقافة و تعليم اوباما مختلفين بشكل كبير و ملحوظ عن السياسيين الأمريكان-الأفارقة اللى كانو ف ستينيات القرن العشرين بيتزعمو و يشاركو فى حركة الحقوق المدنية فى أمريكا.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wallace-Wells|first=Benjamin|title=The Great Black Hope: What's Riding on Barack Obama?|date=November 2004|work=Washington Monthly|url=http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0411.wallace-wells.html|accessdate=April 7, 2008}} See also:{{Cite news|first=Janny|last=Scott|title=A Member of a New Generation, Obama Walks a Fine Line|date=December 28, 2007|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/12/28/america/obama.php|work=International Herald Tribune|accessdate=April 7, 2008|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080117005009/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/12/28/america/obama.php|archivedate=January 17, 2008}}</ref> و خصوصا من ناحية عيلته و إنه إتعلم فى واحده من جامعات [[رابطة اللبلاب]]. اوباما بيتقال عليه إنه خطيب استثنائى .<ref name="exceptional orator"/> و حسب منظمة جالوب ، إبتدا أوباما رياسته بنسبة تأييد 68٪ <ref>{{cite quick |web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/113962/obama-starts-job-approval.aspx|title=Obama Starts With 68% Job Approval|publisher=Gallup.com|date=January 24, 2009|accessdate=June 19, 2011| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110616021142/http://www.gallup.com/poll/113962/Obama-Starts-Job-Approval.aspx| archivedate= June 16, 2011}}</ref> لكن نسبة تأييده نزلت بالتدريج لحد ما وصلت أدنى مستوى 41٪ ف أغسطس 2010 ,<ref>{{cite quick |news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/04/obama-hits-low-point-in-gallup-poll/1 |title=Obama hits low point in Gallup Poll&nbsp;– 41% |work=USA Today|date=April 15, 2011|accessdate=June 19, 2011}}</ref> زى ما حصل مع [[رونالد ريجان]] و [[بيل كلينتون]] ف أول سنينهم ف الرياسه.<ref>{{cite quick |web|author=Jon Terbush|url=http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/12/approval-by-numbers-how-obama-compares-to-past-presidents.php|title=Approval By Numbers: How Obama Compares To Past Presidents|publisher=Tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com|date=December 9, 2010|accessdate=June 19, 2011}}</ref> .
 
== ديانته ==
باراك اوباما إتعمد سنة 1988 فى كنيسة الثالوث المتحده للسيد المسيح و كان عضو نشط هناك لمدة عشرين سنه <ref name="two decades"/> و يوم 27 سبتمبر سنة 2010، أصدر أوباما بيان عن وجهات نظره الدينية قال فيه :أنا مسيحى بالاختيار ، وبصراحه ، عيلتى ما كانتش من الناس اللى بيروحو الكنيسة كل أسبوع وكانت أمى واحدة من أهم الناس الروحيين اللى كنت أعرفهم ، لكنها ما ربتنيش فى الكنيسة ، علشان كده إيمانى المسيحى بعدين فى الحياة ، وكان ده بسبب تعاليم [[يسوع|يسوع المسيح]] <ref name="APbychoice">[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/28/obama-christian-by-choice_n_742124.html?view=print Obama 'Christian By Choice': President Responds To Questioner] by Charles Babington and Darlene Superville, ''[[Associated Press|AP]]'', September 28, 2010</ref><ref name="ABCVideobychoice">Video - [http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2010/09/president-obama-i-am-a-christian-by-choicethe-precepts-of-jesus-spoke-to-me.html President Obama: "I am a Christian By Choice"] by ''[[ABC News]]'', September 29, 2010</ref> و وضح أوباما إزاى إنه بسبب شغله مع كنايس السود باعتباره [[منظم مجتمع]] ف العشرينات من عمره إنه فهم "إوة تقاليد الأميركيين الأفارقة الدينية لتحفيز التغيير الاجتماعى".<ref name="social change" />
 
== جايزة نوبل للسلام ==
[[File:Jagland and Obama.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Barack Obama with Thorbjørn Jagland|باراك اوباما مع [[ثوربيورن ياجلاند]] ف مراسم تسليم جايزة نوبل للسلام سنة 2009]]
لجنة جايزة نوبل للسلام منحت باراك اوباما جايزة نوبل للسلام سنة 2009 علشان جهوده فى تحسين العلاقات الدوليه و كحافز لتحقيق السلام فى العالم.
 
== ملحوظات ==
 
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=<ref name="birth-certificate">{{cite web|url=http://static.politifact.com.s3.amazonaws.com/graphics/birthCertObama.jpg|title=Certification of Live Birth for Barack Obama|work=Department of Health, Hawaii|worker=[[St. Petersburg Times]]|date=August 8, 1961|accessdate=December 12, 2008}}
</ref><ref name="Christian">{{cite web
|publisher = Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia
|title = American President: Barack Obama
|url = http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/obama
|accessdate = January 23, 2009}}
* {{Cite press release
| title = Barack Obama, long time UCC member, inaugurated forty-fourth U.S. President
| publisher = United Church of Christ
| date = January 20, 2009
| url = http://www.ucc.org/news/obama-inauguration.html
| accessdate = January 21, 2009
| quote = Barack Obama, who spent more than 20 years as a UCC member, is the forty-fourth President of the United States. }}
* An [[Associated Press]] wire story on Obama's resignation from [[Trinity United Church of Christ]] in the course of the [[Jeremiah Wright controversy]] stated that he had, in doing so, disaffiliated himself with the UCC. (See{{Cite news|title=Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized|agency=Associated Press|date=November 17, 2008|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27775757/|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=January 20, 2009}})
* Miller, Lisa and Wolffe, Richard, [http://www.newsweek.com/id/145971 "Finding His Faith"], ''Newsweek'', July 12, 2008, Retrieved February 4, 2010
* Anne E. Kornblut Washington Post Staff Writer, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/03/AR2010020303619.html "Obama's spirituality is largely private, but it's influential, advisers say"] ''[[The Washington Post]]'', February 4, 2010, Retrieved February 4, 2010 Obama prays privately...when he takes his family to Camp David on the weekends, a Navy chaplain ministers to them.
* Amy Sullivan Time Magazine [http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1907610,00.html The Obamas Find a Church Home—Away from Home] Obama...will follow in George W. Bush's footsteps and make his primary place of worship Evergreen Chapel, the nondenominational church at Camp David.
* [http://www.barackobama.com/factcheck/2007/11/12/obama_has_never_been_a_muslim_1.php "Obama Has Never Been A Muslim, And Is a Committed Christian"], ''[[Organizing for America]]'', November 12, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2010.</ref><ref name="Kansas">{{cite web|publisher=[[FactCheck]]|url=http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/born_in_the_usa.html|title=Born in the U.S.A.|date=August 21, 2008|accessdate=October 24, 2008}}
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* Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 92–112.
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* Morain, Dan, [http://articles.latimes.com/2008/apr/06/nation/na-obamalegal6 "Obama's law days effective but brief"], ''Los Angeles Times'', April 6, 2008, Retrieved February 14, 2010
* [[Amanda Ripley|Ripley, Amanda]], [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,750742,00.html "Obama's Ascent"], ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]'', November 3, 2004, p. 3, Retrieved February 13, 2010
* {{Cite news|author=Pallasch, Abdon M.|date=December 17, 2007|title=As lawyer, Obama was strong, silent type; He was 'smart, innovative, relentless,' and he mostly let other lawyers do the talking|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|page=4|url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/700499,CST-NWS-Obama-law17.article|accessdate=June 15, 2008}}
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* {{Cite news|author=.|date=July 5, 1993|title=Business appointments|newspaper=Chicago-Sun-Times|page=40|format=paid archive|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=(Business%20appointments)%20AND%20date(7/5/1993%20to%207/5/1993)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=7/5/1993%20to%207/5/1993)&p_field_advanced-0=&p_text_advanced-0=(Business%20appointments)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no|accessdate=June 15, 2008}}
* {{cite web|author=.|year=2008|title=About us|url=http://www.lawmbg.com/index.cfm/PageID/2711|publisher=Miner, Barnhill & Galland – Chicago, Illinois|accessdate=June 15, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|author=Reardon, Patrick T.|date=June 25, 2008|title=Obama's Chicago|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|page=1 (Tempo)|format=paid archive|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/chi-obama-chicago-htmlstory,0,506256.htmlstory|accessdate=February 13, 2010 |quote=Step 9: Lawyering. The law offices of Miner Barnhill & Galland - Obama joined this tiny, liberal and politically powerful firm of about a dozen lawyers, specializing in civil rights cases and then known as Davis Miner Barnhill & Galland.}}
* Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 438–439.
* Mendell (2007), pp. 104–106.
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* {{Cite news|author=Tackett, Michael|date=October 3, 2002|title=Bush, House OK Iraq deal; Congress marches with Bush|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|page=1 |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/203569641.html?dids=203569641:203569641&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|format=paid archive|accessdate=February 3, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Federal Plaza">{{Cite news|author=Glauber, Bill|date=October 3, 2003|title=War protesters gentler, but passion still burns|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|page=1 |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/203569621.html?dids=203569621:203569621&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|format=paid archive|accessdate=February 3, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|author=Strausberg, Chinta|date=October 3, 2002|title=War with Iraq undermines U.N. |newspaper=Chicago Defender|page=1|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-220379051.html|quote=Photo caption: Left Photo: Sen. Barack Obama along with Rev. Jesse Jackson spoke to nearly 3,000 anti-war protestors (below) during a rally at Federal Plaza Wednesday.|accessdate=October 28, 2008}}
* {{cite web|author=Katz, Marilyn|date=October 2, 2007|title=Five years since our first action|publisher=Chicagoans Against War & Injustice|url=http://www.noiraqwar-chicago.org/?p=127|accessdate=February 17, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|author=Bryant, Greg; Vaughn, Jane B.|date=October 3, 2002|title=300 attend rally against Iraq war|newspaper=Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)|page=8|format=paid archive|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ADHB&p_theme=adhb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_text_search-0=300%20AND%20attend%20AND%20rally%20AND%20against%20AND%20Iraq%20AND%20war&s_dispstring=300%20attend%20rally%20against%20Iraq%20war%20AND%20date(10/3/2002%20to%2010/3/2002)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=10/3/2002%20to%2010/3/2002)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no|accessdate=October 28, 2008}}
* Mendell (2007), pp. 172–177.</ref><ref name="spoke out">{{Cite news|author=Obama, Barack|date=October 2, 2002|title=Remarks of Illinois State Sen. Barack Obama against going to war with Iraq|url=http://www.barackobama.com/2002/10/02/remarks_of_illinois_state_sen.php|publisher=BarackObama.com|accessdate=February 3, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|author=McCormick, John|date=October 3, 2007|title=Obama marks '02 war speech; Contender highlights his early opposition in effort to distinguish him from his rivals|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|page=7|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1351610621.html?dids=1351610621:1351610621&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|format=paid archive|quote=The top strategist for Sen. Barack Obama has just 14 seconds of video of what is one of the most pivotal moments of the presidential candidate's political career. The video, obtained from a Chicago TV station, is of Obama's 2002 speech in opposition to the impending Iraq invasion.|accessdate=October 28, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|author=Pallasch, Abdon M.|date=October 3, 2007|title=Obama touts anti-war cred; Kicks off tour 5 years after speech critical of going to Iraq|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|page=26|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=headline(Obama%20touts%20anti-war%20cred)%20AND%20date(all)&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=(Obama%20touts%20anti-war%20cred)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no|format=paid archive|accessdate=October 28, 2008}}
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* {{Cite news|author=Office of the Press Secretary|date=March 16, 2003|title=President Bush: Monday "moment of truth" for world on Iraq|publisher=The White House|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/16/sprj.irq.main/index.html|accessdate=February 17, 2008}}
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* {{Cite news|author=Davey, Monica|date=March 18, 2004|title=As quickly as overnight, a Democratic star is born|newspaper=The New York Times|page=A20|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/18/us/as-quickly-as-overnight-a-democratic-star-is-born.html?pagewanted=all |accessdate=March 1, 2009}}
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* {{Cite journal|author=Scheiber, Noam |date=May 31, 2004|title=Race against history. Barack Obama's miraculous campaign |journal=The New Republic|volume=230|issue=20|pages=21–22, 24–26 (cover story)|url=http://www.tnr.com/article/race-against-history-0 |accessdate=March 24, 2009}}
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* {{Cite news|author=Scott, Janny|date=May 18, 2008|title=The story of Obama, written by Obama|newspaper=The New York Times|page=A1|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/us/politics/18memoirs.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all|accessdate=January 9, 2010}}
* Mendell (2007), pp. 235–259.
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* {{Cite news|author=Lizza, Ryan|month=September|year=2004|title=The Natural. Why is Barack Obama generating more excitement among Democrats than John Kerry? |work=The Atlantic Monthly|pages=30, 33|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200409/lizza |accessdate=November 15, 2008}}
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* {{Cite news|author=Milligan, Susan |date=July 27, 2004|title=In Obama, Democrats see their future |work=The Boston Globe|page=B8 |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2004/07/27/in_obama_democrats_see_their_future/ |accessdate=November 15, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|author=Seelye, Katharine Q.|date=July 28, 2004|title=Illinois Senate nominee speaks of encompassing unity|newspaper=The New York Times|page=A1|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/28/politics/campaign/28blacks.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060624052131/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/28/politics/campaign/28blacks.html|archivedate=2006-06-24 |accessdate=November 15, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|author=Broder, David S.|date=July 28, 2004|title=Democrats focus on healing divisions; Addressing convention, newcomers set themes|work=The Washington Post|page=A1|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17865-2004Jul27.html |accessdate=November 15, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|author=Bing, Jonathan; McClintock, Pamela|date=July 29, 2004|title=Auds resist charms of Dem stars|work=Daily Variety |page=1 |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117908388.html?categoryid=1077&cs=1|accessdate=November 15, 2008}}
* Mendell (2007), pp. 272–285.
</ref><ref name="margin">{{Cite news|author=.|year=2005|title=America Votes 2004: U.S. Senate / Illinois|publisher=CNN.com |url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004/pages/results/states/IL/S/01/index.html |accessdate=April 13, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|author=Slevin, Peter|date=November 13, 2007|title=For Obama, a handsome payoff in political gambles|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=A3|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/12/AR2007111201945.html|accessdate=April 13, 2008}}
* {{Cite news |author=Chase, John; Mendell, David|date=November 3, 2004|title=Obama scores a record landslide|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|page=1|url=http://www.noticiasdot.com/publicaciones/2004/1104/0311/noticias031104/presidenciales-usa/images/usa/chicago_tribune/chicago_tribune_031104.pdf|accessdate=April 3, 2009}}
* {{Cite news|author=Fornek, Scott|date=November 3, 2004|title=Obama takes Senate seat in a landslide|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times |page=6 |url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/1113153,cst-nws-obama110304.article|accessdate=April 3, 2009}}
</ref><ref name="Kenyan">{{Cite news|first=Christina |last=Larson |title=Hoosier Daddy: What Rising Democratic Star Barack Obama Can Learn from an Old Lion of the GOP |date = September 2006|url=http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2006/0609.larson.html |work=Washington Monthly |accessdate=April 27, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|first=Chuck |last=Goudie |title=Obama Meets with Arafat's Successor |date=January 12, 2006 |url=http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news/local&id=3806933 |work=WLS-TV |accessdate=April 27, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|title=Obama Slates Kenya for Fraud |date=August 28, 2006 |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_1989646,00.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080605213213/http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_1989646,00.html |archivedate=2008-06-05 |work=News24.com |accessdate=April 27, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|first=Chris |last=Wamalwa |title=Envoy Hits at Obama Over Graft Remark |date=September 2, 2006 |url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143957666 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071010050740/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143957666 |archivedate=October 10, 2007 |work=The Standard (Nairobi) |accessdate=April 27, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|first=Vincent |last=Moracha |coauthors=Mangoa Mosota |title=Leaders Support Obama on Graft Claims |date=September 4, 2006 |url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143957752 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071007115436/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143957752 |archivedate=October 7, 2007 |work=The Standard (Nairobi) |accessdate=April 27, 2008}}
</ref><ref name="allocation">{{Cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1738331,00.html |title=The Five Mistakes Clinton Made |author=Tumulty, Karen |work=Time |date=May 8, 2008 |accessdate=November 11, 2008}}
* {{Cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/08/us/politics/08recon.html |title=The Long Road to a Clinton Exit |author=Baker, Peter and Rutenberg, Jim |work=The New York Times |date=June 8, 2008 |accessdate=November 29, 2008}}
</ref><!--ref name="presumptive">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/06/03/election.democrats/index.html |title=Obama: I will be the Democratic nominee|publisher=CNN |date=June 4, 2008|accessdate=June 6, 2008}}
</ref--><ref name="delegates">{{Cite news|author=Tom Baldwin|title=Hillary Clinton: 'Barack is my candidate'|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/us_elections/article4616719.ece|work=TimesOnline|date=August 27, 2008|accessdate=August 27, 2008 | location=London}}
* {{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/28/us/politics/28DEMSDAY.html?pagewanted=all|title=Obama Wins Nomination as Biden and Bill Clinton Rally the Party|work=The New York Times |author=Nagourney, Adam|date=August 27, 2008|accessdate=August 27, 2008}}
</ref><ref name="acceptance">{{Cite news|title=Obama accepts Democrat nomination|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7586375.stm|work=BBC News|date=August 29, 2008|accessdate=August 29, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|url=http://features.csmonitor.com/politics/2008/08/29/soaring-speech-from-obama-plus-some-specifics/|title=Soaring speech from Obama, plus some specifics|work=The Christian Science Monitor|author=Marks, Alexandra|date=August 29, 2008|accessdate=September 20, 2008}}
</ref><ref name="small donations">{{Cite news|first=Jim|last=Malone|title=Obama Fundraising Suggests Close Race for Party Nomination|date=July 2, 2007|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2007-07/2007-07-02-voa52.cfm|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070914032004/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-07/2007-07-02-voa52.cfm|archivedate=2007-09-14 |work=Voice of America|accessdate=January 14, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|first=Jeanne|last=Cummings|title=Small Donors Rewrite Fundraising Handbook|date=September 26, 2007|url=http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=3ECB3515-3048-5C12-004D622CB6F4E214|work=Politico|accessdate=January 14, 2008}}
* {{Cite news|first=Emily|last=Cadei|title=Obama Outshines Other Candidates in January Fundraising|date=February 21, 2008|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002674309|work=CQ Politics|accessdate=February 24, 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080613213513/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002674309 |archivedate = June 13, 2008}}
</ref><ref name="presidential debates">{{cite web|accessdate=July 6, 2008|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/news_111907.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080706070658/http://www.debates.org/pages/news_111907.html|archivedate=2008-07-06|title=Commission on Presidential Debates Announces Sites, Dates, Formats and Candidate Selection Criteria for 2008 General Election|publisher=[[Commission on Presidential Debates]]|date=November 19, 2007}}
* {{Cite news|accessdate=July 6, 2008|url=http://www.courant.com/topic/|title=Gun Ruling Reverberates|work=[[The Hartford Courant]]|date=June 27, 2008}}
</ref><ref name="electoral votes">{{Cite news|work=MSNBC|accessdate=February 20, 2009|date=November 4, 2008|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27531033/|title=Barack Obama elected 44th president|author=Johnson, Alex}}
* {{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/president/|title=CNN Electoral Map Calculator—Election Center 2008|publisher=CNN |year=2008|accessdate=December 14, 2008}}
</ref><ref name="direct assistance">{{Cite news|url=http://www.usbudgetwatch.org/stimulus|title=Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, Stimulus Watch}}{{Dead link|date=May 2010}}
* {{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/02/17/obama.stimulus.remarks/|title=Obama's remarks on signing the stimulus plan|accessdate=February 17, 2009|work=CNN | date=February 17, 2009}}
</ref><ref name="markets opened">{{Cite news|title=U.S. Expands Plan to Buy Banks’ Troubled Assets|date=March 23, 2009|work=New York Times|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/24/business/economy/24bailout.html | first1=Edmund L. | last1=Andrews | first2=Eric | last2=Dash | accessdate=April 12, 2010}}
* {{Cite news|title=Wall Street soars 7% on bank plan debut|date=March 23, 2009|work=REUTERS|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idUSTRE52H2FA20090323?feedType=RSS&feedName=businessNews}}
</ref><ref name="preceding administration">{{Cite news|first=|last=|coauthors=|authorlink=|title=Biden vows break with Bush era foreign policy|date=|publisher=|url=http://www.canada.com/news/unveils+changes+foreign+policy/1265065/story.html|work=|pages=|accessdate=June 15, 2009|language=}}
* {{Cite news|first=Kim|last=Ghattas|coauthors=|authorlink=|title= Clinton's gaffes and gains on tour|publisher=|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7931699.stm|work=|pages=|accessdate=June 15, 2009|language= | work=BBC News | date=March 8, 2009}}
</ref><ref name="Middle East peace">
[http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/06/04/egypt.obama.speech/index.html Obama in Egypt reaches out to Muslim world], CNN, June 4, 2009
* Jeff Zeleny and Alan Cowell, [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/05/world/middleeast/05prexy.html?_r=2&hp Addressing Muslims, Obama Pushes Mideast Peace], The New York Times, June 4, 2009.
* {{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/The-President-in-the-Middle-East/|title=The President in the Middle East|date=June 3, 2009|author=Jesse Lee|publisher=White House|accessdate=June 4, 2009}}
</ref><ref name="counterinsurgency tactics">{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/11/AR2009051101864.html|title=Top U.S. Commander in Afghanistan Is Fired|date=May 12, 2009|work=The Washington Post}}
* {{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/05/12/new-commander-brings-counterinsurgency-experience-afghanistan|title=New U.S. Commander Brings Counterinsurgency Experience to Afghanistan|date=May 13, 2009|work=Fox News Channel}}
</ref><!--<ref name="without preconditions">{{cite web|url=http://origin.barackobama.com/issues/foreign_policy/|title=Barack Obama and Joe Biden's Plan to Secure America and Restore Our Standing|publisher=Obama for America|accessdate=September 22, 2008}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/02/us/politics/01cnd-obama.html?pagewanted=all |title=Obama Pledges 'Aggressive' Iran Diplomacy|author=Gordon, Michael R. and Zeleny, Jeff|work=The New York Times |date=November 2, 2007|accessdate=June 17, 2008}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/24/us/politics/24transcript.html?pagewanted=all|title=Transcript of fourth Democratic debate|work=The New York Times |date=July 24, 2007|accessdate=June 17, 2008}}
</ref>
--><ref name="in Jakarta">{{cite web|title=Obama's Indonesian Redux|url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1025|author=Zimmer, Benjamin|year=2009|accessdate=March 12, 2009|publisher=Language Log}}
* {{cite web|title=Obama: Saya Kangen Nasi Goreng, Bakso, dan Rambutan|url=http://cetak.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/11/26/00223862/obama.saya.kangen.nasi.goreng.bakso.dan.rambutan}}
<ref name="social change">
Obama (2006), pp. 202–208. Portions excerpted in:{{Cite news|first=Barack|last=Obama|title=My Spiritual Journey|date=October 23, 2006|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1546579,00.html|work=Time|accessdate=April 28, 2008}}
* {{cite web|url=http://obama.senate.gov/speech/060628-call_to_renewal/|title='Call to Renewal' Keynote Address|accessdate=June 16, 2008|last=Obama|first=Barack|date=June 28, 2006|work=Barack Obama: U.S. Senator for Illinois (website)}}
</ref><ref name="two decades">{{Cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/04/30/america/30obama.php?page=2|title=Barack Obama's search for faith|first=Jodi|last=Kantor|date=April 30, 2007|work=International Herald Tribune|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070503005627/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/04/30/america/30obama.php?page=2|archivedate=May 3, 2007}} April 30, 2007
* {{Cite journal|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1546579,00.html|title=My Spiritual Journey|first=Barack|last=Obama|date=October 23, 2006|journal=Time}}
</ref><ref name="exceptional orator">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/a-classic-orator-obama-learnt-from-the-masters-20081129-6nf1.html|title=Obama: Oratory and originality|last=Holmes|first=Stephanie|date=November 30, 2008|accessdate=December 11, 2008|work=The Age | location=Melbourne}}
* {{Cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/mar2008/sb2008033_156351.htm|title=How to Inspire People Like Obama Does|last=Gallo|first=Carmine|date=March 3, 2008|accessdate=February 21, 2009|work=BusinessWeek }}
* {{Cite news|url=http://www.thestar.com/living/article/551538|title=New emotion dubbed 'elevation|date=December 11, 2008|work=[[Toronto Star]]|accessdate=December 11, 2008 | first=Diana | last=Zlomislic}}
</ref>
}}
<ref name="Federal Plaza">
{{cite quick |news|author=Glauber, Bill|date=October 3, 2003|title=War protesters gentler, but passion still burns|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|page=1 |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/203569621.html?dids=203569621:203569621&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|format=paid archive|accessdate=February 3, 2008}}
* {{cite quick |news|author=Strausberg, Chinta|date=October 3, 2002|title=War with Iraq undermines U.N |newspaper=Chicago Defender|page=1|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-220379051.html|quote=Photo caption: Left Photo: Sen. Barack Obama along with Rev. Jesse Jackson spoke to nearly 3,000 anti-war protestors (below) during a rally at Federal Plaza Wednesday.|accessdate=October 28, 2008}}
* {{cite quick |web|author=Katz, Marilyn|date=October 2, 2007|title=Five years since our first action|publisher=Chicagoans Against War & Injustice|url=http://www.noiraqwar-chicago.org/?p=127|accessdate=February 18, 2008|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110721192331/http://www.noiraqwar-chicago.org/?p=127|archivedate=July 21, 2011}}
* {{cite quick |news|author=Bryant, Greg; Vaughn, Jane B.|date=October 3, 2002|title=300 attend rally against Iraq war|newspaper=Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)|page=8|format=paid archive|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ADHB&p_theme=adhb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_text_search-0=300%20AND%20attend%20AND%20rally%20AND%20against%20AND%20Iraq%20AND%20war&s_dispstring=300%20attend%20rally%20against%20Iraq%20war%20AND%20date(10/3/2002%20to%2010/3/2002)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=10/3/2002%20to%2010/3/2002)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no|accessdate=October 28, 2008}}
* Mendell (2007), pp. 172–177.
</ref>
 
== لينكات ==
* [http://www.barackobama.com/index.php ويبسايت باراك اوباما]
 
== مصادر ==
{{مصادر|2}}
{{رؤساء امريكا}}
 
{{Commons cat|Barack Obama}}
 
[[تصنيف:رؤساء امريكا|اوباما]]
[[تصنيف:مواليد 1961]]
[[تصنيف:سياسيين امريكان|اوباما]]
[[تصنيف:واخدين جايزة نوبل|اوباما]]
[[تصنيف:واخدين جايزة نوبل للسلام|اوباما]]
 
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