الفرق بين النسختين بتاع: «الحرب الاسبانيه الامريكيه»
تم حذف المحتوى تمت إضافة المحتوى
صفحه جديده |
تعديل |
||
سطر 1:
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Spanish–American War
| partof = the [[Philippine Revolution]]<br>and the [[Cuban War of Independence]]
| image = Infobox collage for Spanish-American War.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = (clockwise from top left) {{flatlist|
* [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|Signal Corps]] extending telegraph lines from trenches
* {{USS|Iowa|BB-4|6}}
* Filipino soldiers wearing Spanish [[pith helmet]]s outside [[Manila]]
* The defeated side signing the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]]
* [[Theodore Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] and his [[Rough Riders]] at the captured [[Battle of San Juan Hill|San Juan Hill]]
* Replacing of the Spanish flag at Fort Malate
}}
| date = April 21, 1898{{efn|The US declared war on Spain on April 25, 1898, but dated the beginning of the war retroactively to April 21}} – August 13, 1898<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=04|day1=21|year1=1898|month2=08|day2=13|year2=1898}})
| place = {{plainlist|
* [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]] ([[Caribbean Sea]])
* [[Philippines]] and [[Guam]] (Asia-Pacific)}}
| casus = {{plainlist|
* Cuban War of Independence
* [[USS Maine (ACR-1)|Sinking of USS ''Maine'']]
* [[De Lôme Letter]]
* Philippine Revolution}}
| result = American victory<li>[[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] of 1898</li>
| territory = Spain relinquishes sovereignty over [[Cuba]], cedes [[Puerto Rico]], [[Guam]] and the [[Philippines|Philippine Islands]] to the United States for $20 million.
|combatant1= {{flagicon|United States|1896}} [[United States]]<hr>{{flagdeco|Cuba}} [[Cuban War of Independence|Cuban revolutionaries]]{{efn|name=unrecognized|Unrecognized by the primary belligerents.}}<br>{{nowrap|{{flagdeco|First Philippine Republic}} [[Philippine Revolution|Philippine revolutionaries]]{{efn|name=unrecognized}}}}
| combatant2 = {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]]
*{{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Captaincy General of the Philippines|Governorate of Philippines]]
*{{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Captaincy General of Cuba|Governorate of Cuba]]
*{{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Captaincy General of Puerto Rico|Governorate of Puerto Rico]]
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} [[William McKinley]]
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} [[Nelson A. Miles]]
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} [[William Rufus Shafter|William R. Shafter]]
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} [[George Dewey]]
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} [[William T. Sampson|William Sampson]]
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} [[Wesley Merritt]]
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} [[Joseph Wheeler]]
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} [[Charles D. Sigsbee]]
* {{flagdeco|CUB}} [[Máximo Gómez]]
* {{flagdeco|CUB}} [[Calixto García]]
* {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|CUB}} [[Demetrio Castillo Duany]]}}
* {{flagdeco|First Philippine Republic}} [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]
* {{flagdeco|First Philippine Republic}} [[Apolinario Mabini]]
* {{flagdeco|First Philippine Republic}} [[Baldomero Aguinaldo]]
* {{flagdeco|First Philippine Republic}} [[Antonio Luna]]}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
* {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Maria Christina of Austria|Queen Maria Christina]]}}
* {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Práxedes Mateo Sagasta]]}}
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Patricio Montojo y Pasarón|Patricio Montojo]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Pascual Cervera y Topete|Pascual Cervera]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Arsenio Linares y Pombo|Arsenio Linares]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Manuel de la Cámara]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Manuel Macías y Casado|Manuel Macías]] <!-- nowrap added to balance the columns in infobox -->
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquis of Peña Plata|Marquess of Peña Plata]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Antero Rubín]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Valeriano Weyler, 1st Duke of Rubí|Duke of Rubí]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[José Toral y Velázquez]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Basilio Augustín]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Fermín Jáudenes]]
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[Diego de los Ríos]]}}
| strength1 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|USA|1896}} 72,339 troops (total){{sfn|Clodfelter|2017|p=256}}
* {{flagdeco|CUB}} 53,000 rebels{{efn|Number is the total for all Cuban rebels active from 1895 to 1898.{{sfn|Clodfelter|2017|p=[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=8V3vZxOmHssC&pg=PA308 308]}}}}
* {{flagdeco|First Philippine Republic}} 40,000 rebels<ref name=karnow1990p115>{{Harvnb|Karnow|1990|p=115}}</ref>}}
| strength2 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} 206,000 troops{{efn|196,000 in Cuba and 10,000 in Puerto Rico.{{sfn|Clodfelter|2017|pp=[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=8urEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA254#v=onepage&q&f=false 254–255]}}}} (Caribbean)
* {{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} 55,000 troops (Philippines)}}
| casualties1 = '''American:'''
* 385 killed<ref>[https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf "America's Wars: Factsheet."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720082158/https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |date=July 20, 2017 }} US Department of Veteran Affairs. Office of Public Affairs. Washington DC. Published April 2017.</ref>
* 1,662 wounded<ref>[https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf "America's Wars: Factsheet."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720082158/https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |date=July 20, 2017 }} US Department of Veteran Affairs. Office of Public Affairs. Washington DC. Published April 2017.</ref>
* 11 prisoners<ref>Marsh, Alan. [https://www.nps.gov/ande/learn/historyculture/pow_synopsis.htm "POWs in American History: A Synoposis"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806110312/https://www.nps.gov/ande/learn/historyculture/pow_synopsis.htm |date=August 6, 2017 }}. National Park Service. 1998.</ref>
* 2,061 dead from disease{{sfn|Clodfelter|2017|p=255}}<ref>[https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf "America's Wars: Factsheet."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720082158/https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |date=July 20, 2017 }} US Department of Veteran Affairs. Office of Public Affairs. Washington DC. Published April 2017.</ref>
* 1 cargo ship sunk<ref>See: {{USS|Merrimac|1894}}.</ref>
* 1 cruiser damaged{{sfn|Clodfelter|2017|p=255}}
| casualties2 = '''Spanish:'''
* 700–800 killed{{sfn|Keenan|2001|p=70}}
* 700–800 wounded{{sfn|Keenan|2001|p=70}}
* 40,000+ prisoners{{sfn|Clodfelter|2017|p=255}}<ref>Clodfelter describes the U.S. capturing 30,000 prisoners (plus 100 cannons, 19 machine guns, 25,114 rifles, and various other equipment) in the Oriente province and around Santiago. He also states that the 10,000-strong Puerto Rican garrison capitulated to the U.S. after only minor fighting.</ref>
* 15,000 dead from disease{{sfn|Tucker|2009|p=[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=8V3vZxOmHssC&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false 105]}}
* 6 small ships sunk{{sfn|Clodfelter|2017|p=255}}
* 11 cruisers sunk{{sfn|Clodfelter|2017|p=255}}
* 2 destroyers sunk{{sfn|Clodfelter|2017|p=255}}
| notes =The higher naval losses may be attributed to the disastrous naval defeats inflicted on the Spanish at [[Battle of Manila Bay|Manila Bay]] and [[Battle of Santiago de Cuba|Santiago de Cuba]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Keenan|first=Jerry|title=Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American & Philippine–American Wars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMRwK4ng_zYC|year=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-093-2|page=[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=JMRwK4ng_zYC&pg=PA70&dq=%22higher+naval+losses%22 70]|access-date=February 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104230451/https://books.google.com/books?id=JMRwK4ng_zYC|archive-date=January 4, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
{{reflist
| group = lower-roman
| refs =
}}
}}
'''الحرب الاسبانيه الامريكيه''' هيا حرب بين [[امريكا]] بمساعدة ثوار [[كوبا]] و [[إسبانيا]] سنة 1898
|