ويكيبيديا:ملاحظات ع الكتابه اللاتينى/Latin
El makala di heyya el noskha el maktouba bel horouf el latini, bel tarika elli el masreyyin beyektebo biha asamihom.
Hena mohawla le tadwin el torok el mokhtalefa le ketabet el logha el masri el hadisa bel horouf el latini men masader akademeyya.
El makala di etsab fiha bel kasd el mostalahat el loghaweyya bel engelizi, laen elli ala ettelaa bel mawdoua ghaleban metaawwed aleiha bel engelizi, we mafish tasmeyat mowahhada liha bel masri.
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | emphatic | plain | emphatic | |||||||
Nasal | m | (mˤ)3 | n | |||||||
Stop | voiceless | (p)1 | t | tˤ | k | (q)4 | ʔ | |||
voiced | b | (bˤ)3 | d | (dˤ)4 | ɡ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | sˤ | ʃ | x | ħ | h | ||
voiced | (v)1 | z | zˤ | (ʒ)1 2 | ɣ | ʕ | ||||
Tap/trill | ɾ~r | (ɾˤ~rˤ)3 | ||||||||
Approximant | l | (ɫ)3 | j | w |
- ^1 Mesh koll el masreyyin beyearafo yentako [p, v, ʒ], elli ghaleban mawgoudin fel kalam el agnabi wel asami, mesh men el arabi.
- [ʒ] (elli momken yekoun fel asas /d͡ʒ/) men el kalam el metmassar, momken yethawwel le [ʃ]; masalan, garage ghaleban betetnetek [ɡɑˈɾɑːʃ] hatta men el metaallemin.
- ^2 Fih showayyet rifiyyin beaid an el kahera beyentako [ʒ] badal [ɡ], bass el notk da fel kalam el metmassar maloush prestige.
- ^3 Watson, 2002, p. 22, betkoul en el aswat di /ɾˤ, bˤ, mˤ, lˤ/ mawgouda fel lahga el masri laken be nesba kolayyela.[1]
- ^4 /dˤ, q/ beyetnetko bass fel kalam elli men asl arabi elli mesh metmassar.
- El kalam elli mesh metmassar elli fih [q] momken yetmassar le [ʔ] aw beyetkarrab le [k] fel kalam elli fih vowel maftouh, el vowel el maftouh el front [æ] beyethawwel le back [ɑ].
- El kalam el arabi el keyasi el hadis elli fih /dˤ/, adatan beyetnetek [d], we el vowel el front /æ/ fel kalam da beyethawwel le back [ɑ].
- El kalam elli mesh metmassar elli aslo fih aswat bel lesan (/θ/, /ð/) dayman beyethawwelo le (/s/, /z/).
Vowels
Front | Back | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
long | short | final
unstressed |
long | short | final
unstressed | |
Close | iː | i | uː | o~ʊ~u | ||
Near-close | e~ɪ | o~ʊ | ||||
Close-mid | eː | oː | ||||
Near-open | æː | æ | ||||
Open | ɑː | ɑ |
Mokarnet el IPA maa tariket el ketaba fe shwayyet kotob
IPA | Ketabet el asami | Egyptian Colloquial Arabic | Spoken Arabic of Cairo | An Introduction to Egyptian Arabic | The Arabic Language | The Semitic Languages | The Syntax of Spoken Arabic | Ali el Garem[2] | El horouf el arabi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/æ/ | A a |
a á | a | a | ا | ||||
/ɑ/ | ɑ | ||||||||
/æː/ | áa | aa | aa | ā | aa | ā | |||
/ɑː/ | ɑɑ | ||||||||
/b/ | B b |
b | ب | ||||||
/bˤ/ | ? | ||||||||
/d/ | D d |
d | د | ||||||
/dˤ/ | ɖ | ḍ | ۓ | ض | |||||
/ɪ~e/ (epenthetic) | (mesh beyetketeb) | ĭ | ᵉ | I | ⁱ | ĭ | (mesh beyetketeb) | (mesh beyetketeb) | |
/ɪ~e/ | E e |
i í | i | ى | |||||
I i | |||||||||
/eː/ | AI Ai ai |
ée | ee | ē | ee | ē | |||
EI Ei ei | |||||||||
/f/ | F f |
f | ف | ||||||
/ɡ/ | G g |
g | ج | ج | |||||
/h/ | H h |
h | هـ | ||||||
/ħ/ | ꜧ | ɦ | ḥ | ح | ح | ||||
/i/ | I i |
i í | i | ى | |||||
Y y | |||||||||
/iː/ | I i |
íi | ii | ī | ii | ī | iy | ||
EE Ee ee | |||||||||
/j/ | Y y |
y | |||||||
I i | |||||||||
/k/ | K k aw ala hasab asl el spelling, C, Ch, Qu |
k | ك | ||||||
/l/ | L l |
l | ل | ||||||
/lˤ/ | ? | ||||||||
/m/ | M m |
m | م | ||||||
/mˤ/ | ? | ||||||||
/n/ | N n |
n | ن | ||||||
/ʊ~o/ | OU Ou ou |
u ú | u | و | |||||
O o | |||||||||
/oː/ | O o |
óo | oo | ō | oo | ō | |||
/p/ | P p |
پ ب | |||||||
/q/ | K k |
q | ق | ||||||
/ɾ~r/ | R r |
r | ر | ||||||
/ɾˤ~rˤ/ | ṛ | ? | |||||||
/s/ | S s |
s | s | س | |||||
TH Th th |
𝓽 | ث | |||||||
/sˤ/ | S s |
? | ʂ | ṣ | ؎ | ص | |||
/ʃ/ | SH Sh sh |
ʃ | š | ꞩ | ش | ||||
CH Ch ch | |||||||||
/t/ | T t |
t | ت | ||||||
/tˤ/ | ʈ | ṭ | ط | ط | |||||
/u~ʊ~o/ | OU Ou ou |
u ú | u | و | |||||
O o | |||||||||
/uː/ | OU Ou ou |
úu | uu | ū | uu | ū | uw | ||
OO Oo oo | |||||||||
/v/ | V v |
ڤ ف | |||||||
/w/ | W w |
w | و | ||||||
OU Ou ou | |||||||||
O o | |||||||||
/x/ | KH Kh kh |
x | ? | x | ẖ | x | خ | خ | |
/ɣ/ | GH Gh gh |
? | ɣ | ġ | ɣ | ġ | غ | غ | |
/z/ | Z z |
z | z | ز | |||||
đ | ذ | ||||||||
/zˤ/ | ʐ | ? | ? | ẓ | ظ | ظ | |||
/ʒ/ | J j aw ala hasab asl el spelling, ghaleban beyebaa G+vowel |
چ ج | |||||||
/ʔ/ | A a (mesh beyetketeb fe awwel el kelma) |
ʕ | ʕ | ʔ | ’ | 3 (mesh beyetketeb fe awwel el kelma) | أ آ ؤ ئ ء | ||
E e (mesh beyetketeb fe awwel el kelma) | |||||||||
K k |
q | ق | |||||||
/ʕ/ | A a (mesh beyetketeb fe awwel el kelma) |
Ƹ | Ƹ | ʕ | ‘ | ع | ع | ||
E e (mesh beyetketeb fe awwel el kelma) |
Molahzat al mokarna
- Gadwal ketabet el asami fih el tarika elli el masreyyin metaawwedin yektebo biha asamihom bel horouf el latini fel engelizi wel faransawi.
- Gadwal Ali el Garem (bek) howwa ekterah etkaddem an tarik Abdel Aziz Fahmi (basha) le magmaa el logha el arabi sanat 1944, laken lel logha el arabi el klasiki, mesh el masri. El horouf el moktaraha maktouba be khatt el id we fih horouf arabi zayy ma heyya, aw shabah el horouf el arabi, we characters mesh mawgouda fel unicode, laken da kan aktar approximation liha.
- El gemination (el shadda) betetketeb be harfein fe koll el torok, maada ketabet el asami elli mesh dayman beteamel keda, we bezzat law el consonant beyetketeb be harfein, aw /ʔ, ʕ/.
- Law fih harfein ganb baad benhom masafa, da maanah enn el sot momken yetketeb be harfein mokhtalefin, ala hasab el hala.
- Law fih harfein ganb baad mafish benhom masafa, da maanah enn el sot beyetketeb be harfein maa baad.
- ? alamet el estefham maanaha enn el masdar makansh fih amsela kefaya tesbet eza kan beykteb el sot, laken ehtemal kebir yekoun moatarf be wogoudo.
- Koll el kotob mesh betestaamel horouf kebira (capital).
Shouf kaman
- Wikipedia:Molahzat al ketaba bel latini (bel horouf el arabi)
- Wikipedia:Seyasat/Tariket el ketaba (bel horouf el arabi)
- Makalat bel latini
- Alef-be masri latini (bel horouf el arabi)
- Archive molahzat al ketaba bel latini (bel horouf el arabi)
Masader
- ↑ أ ب Watson, Janet C. E. (2002). The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-925759-1.
- ↑ Fahmi، Abdel Aziz (1944). El horouf el latineyya le ketabet el arabeyya. ص. 153. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-08-08.