Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

الصفحه دى يتيمه, حاول تضيفلها مقالات متعلقه لينكات فى صفحات تانيه متعلقه بيها.

Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Royal Arms of His Majesty's Government
شاغل المنصب
Angela Rayner
من	5 July 2024
اللقب	Deputy Prime Minister (informal) The Right Honourable (within the UK and Commonwealth) Her Excellency (diplomatic)
عن المنصب
القسم	حكومة المملكه المتحده Cabinet Office
عضو فى	Cabinet Privy Council National Security Council
المدير المباشر	Cabinet Privy Council National Security Council
مقر الاقامه الرسمى	None, may use grace and favour residences
مقر اقامه تانى	Westminster
المرشح	The Prime Minister
المعين	The Monarch (on the advice of the Prime Minister)
مدة الولايه	At His Majesty's pleasure
تأسيس المنصب	5 July 1995
أول حامل للمنصب	قالب:Blist

The نايب رئيس وزرا المملكه المتحده is the second highest ranking minister of the Crown and a member of the British Cabinet. The title is not always in use and prime ministers have been known to appoint informal deputies without the title of deputy prime minister. The current deputy prime minister is Angela Rayner.

Constitutional position

The position of deputy prime minister carries no salary and therefore it is necessary to appoint the holder to another position which entitles them to draw a salary under the Ministerial and other Salaries Act 1975. The office is not always in use, and prime ministers may use other offices, such as وزير الدوله الاولانى, to indicate the seniority. The holder of the position has no right to automatic succession.

Historically there has been resistance by the monarch to appointing an individual as deputy prime minister as it might be considered to infringe upon their royal prerogative to choose a prime minister. However, Rodney Brazier has more recently written that there is a strong constitutional case for every prime minister to appoint a deputy prime minister, to ensure an effective temporary transfer of power in most circumstances. Similarly, Vernon Bogdanor has said that that argument holds little weight in the modern context, since the monarch no longer has any real discretion, and that, even in the past, a person acting as deputy prime minister had no real advantage to being appointed prime minister by the monarch (though this might be different within political parties in relation to their respective leaderships). Like Brazier, he also says that there is a good constitutional case for recognising the office; for in the case of the death or incapacity of the incumbent prime minister.

Brazier has written that there are three reasons why a deputy prime minister has been appointed: to set out the line of succession to the premiership preferred by the prime minister, to promote the efficient discharge of government business and (in the case of Labour governments) to accord recognition to the status of the deputy leader of the Labour party.

When the position has been in use in the past, the deputy prime minister has deputised for the prime minister at Prime Minister's Questions.

History

Before الحرب العالميه التانيه, while a minister was occasionally invited to deputise as prime minister when the prime minister was ill or abroad, no one was styled as such when the prime minister was in the country and physically able to run the government. This changed in 1942 when Clement Attlee was styled as deputy prime minister by وينستون تشرشيل. This designation was seen as an exceptional result of a coalition and the war, and Attlee's 1942 appointment was not formally approved by the King and was a matter of form rather than fact. The designation was because Prime Minister وينستون تشرشيل wanted to demonstrate the importance of the Labour party in the coalition, not for any reasons relating to succession; he actually left written advice that the King should send for Anthony Eden if he were to die, not Attlee. Unusually in comparison to other unofficial deputy prime ministers, Clement Attlee was described as deputy prime minister by Hansard, whereas other unofficial deputies are described using their official position.

After this, fearing a possible curtailment of the monarch's prerogative to choose a prime minister, no one was formally styled deputy prime minister (though there was often a senior minister generally regarded as such) until مايكل هيزيلتاين in 1995 was formally styled deputy prime minister. As the title of deputy prime minister did not hold any statutory authority Heseltine was also appointed as وزير الدوله الاولانى. John Prescott served as deputy prime minister under Tony Blair during the entirety of Blair's premiership, and remains the longest serving deputy prime minister. Prescott's statutory authority was originally drawn from his concurrent position as Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions, however in 2001 this department was broken up an Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) was also formed within the Cabinet Office. To ensure he continued to hold statutory authority, he was appointed وزير الدوله الاولانى. In June 2003, the ODPM became a separate department and absorbed the local government and regions portfolios from the defunct Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions. During the 5 May 2006 reshuffle of Tony Blair's government, Prescott kept his position as deputy prime minister but lost his departmental authority and OPDM was renamed the Department for Communities and Local Government and headed by Ruth Kelly. The position was vacant during جوردون براون's premiership.

After the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government in 2010, Nick Clegg was appointed deputy prime minister under ديفيد كاميرون, and served in this role until he resigned after the Conservatives won a majority in the 2015 general election. During the coalition William Hague was appointed by Cameron as وزير الدوله الاولانى, the only time that both these positions have existed concurrently but not been held by the same person. During this time Cameron described Hague rather than Clegg as being his "de facto political deputy". The office of deputy prime minister was vacant for the remainder of Cameron's premiership and the entirety of تيريزا ماى's premiership.

In 2020, a year before being formally styled deputy prime minister, Dominic Raab deputised for بوريس جونسون while Johnson was in hospital with COVID-19, though was not formally styled deputy prime minister until September 2021. Raab served as deputy prime minister during the remainder of Johnson's premiership. ثيريس كوفى served as deputy prime minister in September and October 2022 under ليز تراس, becoming the shortest serving deputy prime minister in history. After ريشى سوناك became prime minister, he reappointed Raab as deputy prime minister, making him the first non-consecutive holder of the office. Raab resigned in April 2023 after the investigation into his alleged bullying was published, and was succeeded by deputy prime minister Oliver Dowden, who resigned after the 2024 general election, whereupon he was replaced by Angela Rayner.

Office and residence

There is no set of offices permanently ready to house the deputy prime minister. Deputy Prime Minister نيك كليج maintained an office at the Cabinet Office headquarters, 70 Whitehall, which is linked to 10 Downing Street. Clegg's predecessor, Prescott, maintained his main office at 26 Whitehall.

The prime minister may also give them the use of a grace and favour country house. While in office, Nick Clegg resided at his private residence in Putney and he shared Chevening House with First Secretary William Hague as a weekend residence. Clegg's predecessor, John Prescott, used Dorneywood.

Succession

Nobody has the right of automatic succession to the prime ministership. However, it is generally considered that in the event of the death of the prime minister, it would be appropriate to appoint an interim prime minister, though there is some debate as to how to decide who this should be.

According to Brazier, there are no procedures within government to cope with the sudden death of the prime minister. There is also no such title as acting prime minister of the United Kingdom. Despite refusing "...to discuss a hypothetical situation" with BBC News in 2011, the Cabinet Office is reported to have said in 2006:

There is no single protocol setting out all of the possible implications. However, the general constitutional position is as set out below. There can be no automatic assumption about who The Queen would ask to act as caretaker Prime Minister in the event of the death of the Prime Minister. The decision is for her under the Royal Prerogative. However, there are some key guiding principles. The Queen would probably be looking for a very senior member of the Government (not necessarily a Commons Minister since this would be a short-term appointment). If there was a recognised deputy to the Prime Minister, used to acting on his behalf in his absences, this could be an important factor. Also important would be the question of who was likely to be in contention to take over long-term as Prime Minister. If the most senior member of the Government was him or herself a contender for the role of Prime Minister, it might be that The Queen would invite a slightly less senior non-contender. In these circumstances, her private secretary would probably take soundings, via the Cabinet Secretary, of members of the Cabinet, to ensure that The Queen invited someone who would be acceptable to the Cabinet to act as their chair during the caretaker period. Once the Party had elected a new leader, that person would, of course, be invited to take over as Prime Minister.

Additionally, when the prime minister is travelling, it is standard practice for a senior duty minister to be appointed who can attend to urgent business and meetings if required, though the prime minister remains in charge and updated throughout.

On 6 April 2020, when Prime Minister بوريس جونسون was admitted into ICU, he asked وزير الدوله الاولانى Dominic Raab "to deputise for him where necessary".

List of deputy prime ministers

In addition to the many unofficial deputies (see below), some people have been formally appointed deputy prime minister. Ministers are appointed by the monarch, on the advice of the prime minister. Six people can be described as definitely having been appointed deputy prime minister in such a manner.

Deputy prime ministers

Deputy Prime Minister			Term of office		Other ministerial portfolios held during tenure	Party	Ministry
		مايكل هيزيلتاين MP for Henley	5 July 1995	2 May 1997	وزير الدوله الاولانى	Conservative	Major II
		John Prescott MP for Kingston upon Hull East	2 May 1997	27 June 2007	Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions (1997–2001) وزير الدوله الاولانى (2001–2007)	Labour	Blair I
							Blair II
							Blair III
Vacant (2007 - 2010)
		نيك كليج MP for Sheffield Hallam	11 May 2010	8 May 2015	Lord President of the Council	Liberal Democrat	Cameron–Clegg
Vacant (2015 - 2021)
		Dominic Raab MP for Esher and Walton	15 September 2021	6 September 2022	Lord Chancellor Secretary of State for Justice	Conservative	Johnson II
		ثيريس كوفى MP for Suffolk Coastal	6 September 2022	25 October 2022	Secretary of State for Health and Social Care		تراس
		Dominic Raab MP for Esher and Walton	25 October 2022	21 April 2023	Lord Chancellor Secretary of State for Justice		Sunak
		Oliver Dowden MP for Hertsmere	21 April 2023	5 July 2024	مستشار دوقية لانكاستر Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office
		Angela Rayner MP for Ashton-under-Lyne	5 July 2024	Incumbent	Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities	Labour	Starmer

Timeline

Unofficial deputies

The prime minister's second-in-command has variably served as deputy prime minister, first secretary and de facto deputy and at other times prime ministers have chosen not to select a permanent deputy at all, preferring ad hoc arrangements. It has also been suggested that the office of Lord President of the Council (which comes with leading precedence) has been intermittently used for deputies in the past.

Lists

Anthony Eden is often described as وينستون تشرشيل's deputy, though his appointment as deputy prime minister in 1951 was actually rejected by the King.

Picking out definitive deputies to the prime minister has been described as a highly problematic task.

Bogdanor, in his 1995 publication The Monarchy and the Constitution, said that the following people had acted as deputy prime ministers (by this he meant they had chaired the Cabinet in the absence of the prime minister and chaired a number of key Cabinet Committees):

Clement Attlee

Herbert Morrison

Anthony Eden

Rab Butler

George Brown

Michael Stewart

Reginald Maudling

Willie Whitelaw

چيفرى هاو

In an academic article first published in 2015, Jonathan Kirkup and Stephen Thornton used five criteria to identify deputies: gazetted or styled in Hansard as deputy prime minister; 'officially' designated deputy prime minister by the prime minister; widely recognised by their colleagues as deputy prime minister; second in the ministerial ranking; and chaired the Cabinet or took Prime Minister's Questions in the prime minister's absence. They said that the following people have the best claim to the position of deputy to the prime minister:

Clement Attlee

Herbert Morrison

Anthony Eden

Rab Butler

George Brown

Michael Stewart

Willie Whitelaw

چيفرى هاو

مايكل هيزيلتاين

John Prescott

نيك كليج

They also said that the following three people would have a reasonable claim:

Bonar Law

Edward Short

Michael Foot

Brazier has listed the following ministers as unambiguously deputy to or de facto deputies of the prime minister:

Clement Attlee	1940–1945
Anthony Eden	1945 1951–1955
Rab Butler	1955–1963
George Brown	1964–1970
Reginald Maudling	1970–1972
Willie Whitelaw	1979–1988
چيفرى هاو	1989–1990
Michael Heseltine	1995–1997
John Prescott	1997–2007
Nick Clegg	2010–2015
جورج اوسبورن	2015–2016
داميان جرين	2017
David Lidington	2018–2019
Dominic Raab	2019–2022

Lord Norton of Louth has listed the following people as serving as deputy prime minister, but not being formally styled as such:

Herbert Morrison	1945–1951
Anthony Eden	1951–1955
Rab Butler	1962–1963
Willie Whitelaw	1979–1988
چيفرى هاو	1989–1990
David Lidington	2018–2019

شوف كمان

• وزير الدوله الاولانى
• Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)
• Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)

References

• Brazier, Rodney (1988). "The deputy prime minister". Public Law.
• Brazier, Rodney (2020). Choosing a Prime Minister: The Transfer of Power in Britain. Oxford University Press.
• Bogdanor, Vernon (1995). The Monarchy and the Constitution. Clarendon Press.
• Hennessy, Peter (1995). The Hidden Wiring: Unearthing the British Constitution. Indigo.
• Kirkup, Jonathan; Thornton, Stephen (2017). "'Everyone needs a Willie': The elusive position of deputy to the British prime minister". British Politics. 12 (4): 492–520. doi:10.1057/bp.2015.42. S2CID 156861636.
• Norton, Philip (2016). "A temporary occupant of No.10? Prime Ministerial succession in the event of the death of the incumbent". Public Law.
• Norton, Philip (2020). Governing Britain: Parliament, Ministers and Our Ambiguous Constitution. Manchester University Press.
• Seldon, Anthony; Meakin, Jonathan; Thoms, Illias (2021). The Impossible Office? The History of the British Prime Minister. Cambridge University Press.
• Vennard, Andrew (2008). "Prime Ministerial succession". Public Law.